Lecture
Section 3, Chapter 17
The War in the Pacific

 I. Japanese Advances
    A. In the first six months after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese conquered an empire that dwarfed Hitler's 
         Third Reich. The Japanese conquered ________, _____________, _______, ______, _________, 
         much of _____, _______________, ______, ____________ and the Solomon Islands. 
        1. General __________________ was in command of the Allied forces and when American and Filipino 
             troops were doomed to failure, MacArthur left the island saying, "___________."
        2. In the Spring of 1942, the Allies began to turn the tide when Lieutenant Colonel_______________ led
            16 bombers in a daring attack on Tokyo. The next day, Americans awoke to the headlines that read,
            "Tokyo Bombed! Doolittle Do'od It." This attack lifted American spirits while dampening Japanese 
             spirits. 
MORE ON DOOLITTLE: http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/misc-42/doolt-a.htm
http://students.imsa.edu/~lsport05/sharpless_1_8/sharpless_pages/doolittle_raid.htm
    B. The Battle of the Coral Sea
         1. Took place in May 1942, and proved conclusively that the_________________ had replaced the
             _____________ as the most formidable naval weapon.
         2. The Japanese and American fleets never saw one another during the course of the battle. All
             of the combat took place among the_____________________.
         3. Although both sides suffered many losses, it was a strategic victory for the Americans. It halted
             the Japanese.....
     C. Battle of Midway
         1. June 1942, the Japanese assembled more than______________for a major attack on Midway Island.
         2. The Japanese wanted to capture the island and destroy the last remnants of the American Fleet. Such
             arrogance cost them. They grossly underestimated the American strength and will to fight.
         3. The Japanese failed in their surprise attack because the U.S. broke the Japanese code. Americans
             suffered high causalities, but did.... 
         4. Significance: Gained foothold in the Pacific and severely crippled Japan's ability to carry on an...

      D. Island Hopping Strategy
          1. 1st Campaign: Route Japanese forces from New Guinea. From New Guinea, move to liberate the 
              Philippines. Douglas MacArthur is in charge. 
          2. 2nd Campaign: Headed by Admiral Chester Nimitz. Involved capturing Japanese-held Islands in the
              Central Pacific. 
      E. Nimitz and Island Hopping make the first move
          1. Nimitz concentrated on invading the Solomon Islands--Main Target:...
          2. Reason: Important to America because reports indicated that the Japanese were building an airbase
              here. If Japan had an airbase here, they could easily reach and attack areas controlled by the Allies.
         3. Victory for the Americans--The Japanese lost 22,000 of 36,000 men giving the island the name:
             "______________."
        4. Nimitz swept northward and was victorious in the Gilbert, Marshall and Caroline Islands.
    F. The Japanese Defense
         1. The Japanese threw their entire fleet  into the Battle of Leyte Gulf and also tested a new tactic known
             as....
         2. Japanese pilots crashed their bomb-laden planes into the Allied ships which sank___and damaged___.
         3. Kamikaze means "____________" and refers to a legendary typhoon that saved Japan in 1281 by 
             destroying the Mongol invasion.
         4. The Battle of Leyte Gulf was a disaster for the Japanese because they lost___battleships,___aircraft 
             carriers,___cruisers and almost____planes in three days.
     G. Iwo Jima
         1. After retaking much of the Philippines and liberating American POW's that took part in the________ 
             __________, MacArthur turned to Iwo Jima because it was critical as a base to launch...

         2. Over 20,700 Japanese defended the island in entrenched tunnels and caves. When it was over, 
              only_____Japanese survived and over________ marines lost their lives. Only one island stood in the
              way of an all out Allied invasion on the mainland Japan--Okinawa!
     H. Okinawa
          1. In April of 1945, U.S. Marines invaded Okinawa as the Japanese unleashed more than 1,900
             _________________which sank 30 ships, damaged 300 more and killed almost 5,000 soldiers.
          2. Once ashore, the Allies faced fiercer opposition than Iwo Jima and the result was over________
              American lives and over ___________Japanese lives.
         3. This battle enabled the U.S. to__________________________________. However, Churchill
             predicted that the cost would be a million American lives and half that number of British lives.
         4. President Truman saw only one way to avoid an all out invasion of Japan. He decided to use a new
             powerful weapon that had been developed by scientist working on the Manhattan Project--...

TOMORROW...that weapon is unleashed!